You can significantly lower your risk of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) by taking a few simple precautions.

• Avoid using tampons and barrier contraceptives (such as a diaphragm, cervical caps, or sponges) during the first 12 weeks after childbirth, when the risk for TSS is higher.
• If you have had menstrual TSS, do not use tampons, barrier contraceptives, or an intrauterine device (IUD).

Careful tampon, diaphragm, and contraceptive sponge use

• Follow the directions on package inserts when using tampons, diaphragms, or contraceptive sponges.
• Wash your hands with soap before inserting or removing a tampon, diaphragm, or contraceptive sponge.
• Change your tampon at least every 8 hours, or use tampons for only part of the day. Do not leave your diaphragm or contraceptive sponge in for more than 12 to 18 hours.
• Alternate wearing tampons and sanitary pads. For example, use pads at night and tampons during the day.
• Use tampons with the lowest absorbency that you need. The risk of TSS is higher with superabsorbent tampons.

Caring for skin wounds to prevent skin infection

• Keep all skin wounds clean to prevent infection and promote healing. This includes cuts, punctures, scrapes, burns, sores from shingles, insect or animal bites, and surgical wounds.
• Keep children from scratching chickenpox sores.

If signs of infection appear, seek medical evaluation immediately. These signs include:

• Increased pain, swelling, redness, or warmth around the affected area.
• Red streaks extending from the affected area.
• Drainage of pus from the area.
• Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpit, or groin.
• Fever.

Preventing strep infection during pregnancy or after giving birth

A woman who is pregnant or has recently given birth has a greater risk of developing strep TSS, especially if one of her children has strep throat. Any pregnant woman or new mother with a child who shows signs of strep throat should talk to her gynecologist or obstetrician.