Examples

How It Works

Alprazolam is a high-potency benzodiazepine that depresses the central nervous system, causing a mood-elevating and sedative effect and relieving feelings of anxiety. This medication can be addictive.

Why It Is Used

Alprazolam is occasionally prescribed for women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) or premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) when anxiety is the main symptom and other treatments have not been effective. It is only recommended for a few days' use (no longer than the premenstrual part of the cycle) because it loses effectiveness over time and may become addictive if used continuously.

How Well It Works

Alprazolam is considered to be somewhat effective for PMS-related anxiety and irritability.¹ However, it can dull the mind and become addictive.

Side Effects

Possible side effects of benzodiazepine medications include:

• Addiction. Physical addiction can be life-threatening, especially during rapid withdrawal.
• Drowsiness.
• Low blood pressure.
• A general lack of interest (apathy).
• Dizziness.
• Forgetfulness.
• Weight gain.

If you are taking alprazolam, use caution when driving or operating machinery. This medication may cause drowsiness, which may make it harder to concentrate.

See Drug Reference for a full list of side effects. (Drug Reference is not available in all systems.)

What To Think About

For some women, anxiety is linked to other PMS symptoms. Physical symptoms like weight gain or emotional symptoms like feeling out of control may cause anxiety. Reducing these symptoms often relieves anxiety without the need for antianxiety medications.

If used continuously, alprazolam can become addictive after a few weeks and often must be tapered gradually to avoid symptoms of withdrawal, which can be life-threatening.

The benefits and effectiveness of antianxiety medications need to be compared with the side effects and costs of treatment. You can discuss this with your health professional.

Complete the new medication information form (PDF)(What is a PDF document?) to help you understand this medication.

Citations

1. Bhatia SC, Bhatia SK (2002). Diagnosis and treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. American Family Physician, 66(7): 1253–1254.