Endometrial ablation is a procedure that uses a lighted viewing instrument (hysteroscope) and other instruments to destroy (ablate) the uterine lining, or endometrium. Endometrial ablation can be done by:

• Laser beam (laser thermal ablation).
• Heat (thermal ablation), using:
  • Radiofrequency.
  • A balloon filled with saline solution that has been heated to 85C (thermal balloon ablation).
  • Normal saline (heated free fluid).
• Electricity, using a resectoscope with a loop or rolling ball electrode.
• Freezing.
• Microwave.

The endometrium heals by scarring, which usually reduces or prevents uterine bleeding.

What To Expect After Surgery

Endometrial ablation is usually done in an outpatient facility or hospital. The procedure may be done using a local or spinal anesthesia, although general anesthesia is sometimes used.

It takes a few days to 2 weeks to recover.

Why It Is Done

Endometrial ablation is used to control heavy, prolonged vaginal bleeding when:

• Bleeding has not responded to other treatments.
• Childbearing is completed.
• You prefer not to have a hysterectomy to control bleeding.
• Other medical problems prevent a hysterectomy.

How Well It Works

Most women will have reduced menstrual flow following endometrial ablation, and up to half will stop having periods.¹

Younger women are less likely than older women to respond to endometrial ablation. After an endometrial ablation, younger women are more likely to continue to have periods and need a repeat procedure.

Young women may be treated with either gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRH-As) 1 to 3 months before the procedure. This will decrease their production of estrogen and help thin the lining of the uterus (endometrium).

Risks

Problems that can happen during endometrial ablation include:

• Accidental puncture (perforation) of the uterus.
• Burns (thermal injury) to the uterus or the surface of the bowel.
• Buildup of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema).
• Sudden blockage of arterial blood flow within the lung (pulmonary embolism).
• Tearing of the opening of the uterus (cervical laceration).

These problems are uncommon but can be severe.

What To Think About

Regrowth of the endometrium may occur after you have endometrial ablation. This procedure is not recommended if you have a high risk for endometrial cancer.

Do not consider this procedure if you plan to become pregnant in the future.

Although this surgery usually causes sterility by destroying the lining of the uterus, pregnancy may still be possible if a small part of the endometrium is left in place. This can lead to severe pregnancy problems. Birth control of some form is needed if you have not finished menopause.

Complete the surgery information form (PDF)(What is a PDF document?) to help you prepare for this surgery.

Citations

1. Lobo RA (2007). Abnormal uterine bleeding: Ovulatory and anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding, management of acute and chronic excessive bleeding. In VL Katz et al., eds., Comprehensive Gynecology, 5th ed., pp. 915–931. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier.